Experimental results for a thin layer of fluid heated from below. Visualization by shadowgraph. Shown is top view onto the experimental dish.
For weak heating (close to onset): rolls and hexagons

(inclined
layer, traveling rolls)


More complicated structures: spirals

Disordered patterns: spiral-defect chaos

Coexistence of spiral-defect chaos and straight rolls
(pictures and movie taken from ©Nonlinear Phenomena Group,LASSP,Cornell University, 9/99)